To Establish Evacuation Decision-making Selection Modes of Aboriginal Tribes in Debris Flow Remote Areas from Disasters via Community-based Disaster Management

70% of the total area of Taiwan is filled with hillside lands with steep slopes, fragile geological structures, and short rivers with turbulent flow. Earthquakes and torrential rains of typhoons often lead to disasters such as floods, avalanches, and landslides due to improper land development and utilization. According to the statistics on typhoons hitting Taiwan before 2014 by the Central Weather Bureau, the impact of debris flow on remote villages is the most significant secondary disaster. Since the 921 Earthquake in 1999, it has been difficult for public constructions to fully recover. Minority groups in remote areas usually suffer from inconvenient external traffic with dangerous and scattered geographical locations. The inconvenient communications have also made it difficult for them to be aware of real time typhoon position and be ready for immediate evacuation whenever the Central Weather Bureau has issued typhoon warnings on land or at sea. Most people among these minority groups have to wait for rescues based on external assistances due to all aforementioned factors plus the intrinsic constraints of evacuation themselves. Take Typhoon Morakot for example. During the entire duration of this disaster, the Central Weather Bureau had issued typhoon warnings 29 times（Central Weather Bureau, 2009）with 86859 disaster relief trips dispatched from the disaster response center there had also been 653 deployments of helicopters evacuating 6264 people（Kaohsiung County Disaster Response Center, 2009）. However, according to apple daily on August 27, 2009, 1 million residents in Mainland China had been evacuated when Typhoon Morakot was hitting across Taiwan Strait. The catastrophe of the century in Taiwan actually turned out to be a demonstration of highly effective evacuation and disaster relief efforts by the Chinese government. Eight months of investigation and computer simulation of landslide process by research teams convened by academic institutions such as the National Science Council have led to the conclusion（Chen, 2010） that the tragic death of almost 500 people in Xiaolin village of Jiaxian township of Kaohsiung county was mainly caused by the two-stage landslide resulted from secondary debris flow. Mountain regions occupy about a quarter of the terrestrial land surface and control global climate. They provide goods and services to more than half the humanity. Global environmental change threatens the integrity of these systems and the people living there (Drager, 2013). Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen evacuation assistance measures during disasters for minority groups immediately and especially for the disabled (disadvantaged evacuee), residents in regions with no access to disaster information (difficult access to disaster warning, evacuation notification or instructions), elderly, children, pregnant women, handicapped, foreigners, and those with difficulties returning to their homes. In this study I plan to examine the environmental sensitivities of hillside settlements based on the “Demography” of ethnic group integrated with comprehensive analysis on “Environmental disaster-causing factors” (such as geology, vegetation conditions, fault distribution and slope) by DTM and satellite images.