To Experimental Study for Comparison Theodolite and Total Station
Abstract
This research paper with how to facilitate and manage surveying instrument theodolite and total satiation and take more accuracy for civil works methods to accomplish modernized and cost effective urban survey with best achievable accuracy. This is done by surveying methods with modern methods from both theoretical and practical point of view. At first, a theoretical assessment process on a tradition urban planning project in India is performed by replacing other instrument of surveying techniques previously used with more applicable surveying techniques as theodolite and total stations, regarding different matters such as applicability, cost and accuracy. After approving the main idea of this modernization process, a practical urban planning case study is performed using total station, geodetic GPS receivers and GPS navigators, on a private sectors The applied surveying techniques showed high efficiency regarding cost and effort, while saving observation time reaching to 80%. Accordingly, the adopted practical application proved to be beneficial for all civil sites.
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Introduction
A theodolite is an important instrument used for measurement horizontal and vertical angle in surveying. it is an extremely useful instrument to a surveyor. it can also can used for a number of surveying operations, such as prolonging a line measurement distance indirectly and leveling. in fact a theodlite is the key surveying instrument in most of engineering projects. total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and electronic distance meter .this combination makes it possible to determine the coordinates of a reflector by aligning the instrument cross hair on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the vertical and horizontal angles and slope distance .a micro processor in the instrument takes care of recording reading, reading and the necessary computations. the data is easily transferred to a computer where it can be used to generate a map.
Conclusion
Before making the first set up of the day, visually inspect the instrument for damage. Check the machined surfaces and the polished faces of the lenses and mirrors. Try the clamps and motions for smooth operation.
Transport and store instrument in positions that are consistent with the carrying case design. For example, total station should be carried and stored in their correct position. Theodolite cases indicate the position in which they should be transported.
Because the instrument combines both angle and distance measurement in the same unit, it is known as an integrated total station which can measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as slope distances.
Using the vertical angle, the total station can calculate the horizontal and vertical distance components of the measured slope distance.
As well as basic functions, total stations are able to perform a number of different survey tasks and associated calculations and can store large amounts of data.
As with the electronic theodolite, all the functions of a total station are controlled.
The appearance of the total station is similar to that of an electronic theodolite, by its microprocessor, which is accessed thought a keyboard and display